Puerto Rico – BirdsCaribbean

Celebrate the Caribbean Endemic Bird Festival (CEBF) with us! Our theme in 2024 is “Protect Insects, Protect Birds”—highlighting the importance of protecting insects for birds and our environment. Have fun learning about a new endemic bird every day. We have colouring pages, puzzles, activities, and more. Download for free and enjoy learning about and celebrating nature!

Endemic Bird of the Day: Puerto Rican Oriole

If the early bird gets the worm, the Puerto Rican Oriole (Icterus portoricensis) really has an edge on the competition! These charismatic birds (called Calandrias in Spanish) mainly sing in the darkness of the early morning, before first light. Both male and females sing lilting, whistling songs until sunrise, after which they mainly produce sharp tchu and buzzy wink calls. Mated pairs often stay close together all day long, and use those calls to keep track of each other, like a game of Marco Polo.

The Puerto Rican Oriole is a member of the Icterus genus, and used to be called the Greater Antillean Oriole. In 2010, the Greater Antillean Oriole was split into four distinct species: the Cuban Oriole (Icterus melanopsis), the Hispaniola Oriole (Icterus dominicensis), the Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi), and the Puerto Rican Oriole.

Puerto Rican Orioles are endemic to the island of Puerto Rico where they can be found across the island in gardens, mangroves and other wooded areas. They forage in pairs or family groups for insects, spiders, fruits, nectar, small lizards, and frogs. Their pointed beaks are sharp and strong, perfect for prying into small cracks in trees or pulling off pieces of breadfruit.

They have beautiful, unmistakable plumage—adults of both sexes are mostly black, with patches of intensely yellow feathers on their shoulders, rump, lower belly, and thighs. Juveniles are olive-green or yellow, with patches of black feathers appearing as they age. It is impossible to tell males and females apart just by looking at them. But only females build the nest, so if you see a Puerto Rican Oriole building a nest you can be certain it’s a female!

Females weave the fibers of palms into a cup-shape nest, which hangs underneath palm fronds or banana leaves. Typically, they prefer to nest and forage on the edges of forests, especially in areas with palms. If you live in Puerto Rico and have palm trees, check under the fronds, from March to June, where you may find their basket-like nests! But remember to be a good host and give her space and privacy. Their oval-shaped eggs are pale white with brown speckles on them, and both parents raise the chicks after they hatch. Nestlings are fed more insects than fruits.

Though classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, preliminary research indicates that the population may be declining. Unfortunately, Puerto Rican Oriole nests are favorite targets for parasitism by Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis), who lay their eggs in the nests of other birds for them to raise. As a result, Puerto Rican Orioles often raise cowbird chicks instead of their own, and their reproductive success is low. They may be more successful in more densely forested areas where there are fewer cowbirds.

Overall, the Puerto Rican Oriole is a beautiful, fascinating bird that any visitor to the island should be sure to seek out. If we protect their natural habitats and monitor their population, this endemic songbird can continue its early morning serenade for generations to come.

Learn more about this species, including its range, photos, and calls here. Great news! If you’re in the Caribbean, thanks to BirdsCaribbean, you have free access to Birds of the World and you can find out even more in the full species account of this bird!

Thanks to Arnaldo Toledo for the illustration and Michelle Moyer for the text!

Colour in the Puerto Rican Oriole

Download our West Indies Endemic Bird colouring page. Use the photos below as your guide, or you can look up pictures of the bird online or in a bird field guide if you have one. Share your coloured-in page with us by posting it online and tagging us @BirdsCaribbean #CEBFfromthenest

Listen to the song of the Puerto Rican Oriole

The song of the Puerto Rican Oriole is a series of high-pitched whistles , mixed with buzzes and warbles.

Puzzle of the Day

Click on the image below to do the puzzle. You can make the puzzle as easy or as hard as you like – for example, 6, 8, or 12 pieces for young children, all the way up to 1,024 pieces for those that are up for a challenge!

Female Puerto Rican Orioles weave the fibers of palms into a cup shape, which hangs underneath palm fronds or banana leaves. Typically, they prefer to nest and forage on the edges of forests. (Photo by Michael Ocasio, Macaulay Library-ML599415791)

Immature Puerto Rican Orioles look very different from the adults being mainly olive or yellow in colour. Patches of black feathers will start appearing as they age. (Photo by Ricardo Sanchez)

Activity of the Day

FOR KIDS : Can you find the words in our Puerto Rican Oriole word search? Remind yourself of some of the interesting facts about this endemic bird as you look for all 15 hidden words!

Remember the words may appear forwards and backwards, as well as horizontal, vertical and diagonal!

Need some help? Or want to check your answers? You can see where all the words were here.

FOR KIDS AND ADULTS : Enjoy this video of a Puerto Rican Oriole in the wild!

Trinidad Conference Postponed

Scarlet Ibis in Trinidad will be worth the wait! (Photo by Lisa Sorenson)

After A LOT of lengthy discussions over the previous month with our Board, staff, and partners, BirdsCaribbean has made the difficult decision to officially postpone our conference in Trinidad slated for late July, 2021.

2020 has been a devastating year for our Caribbean community, emotionally, physically, and financially. Many of our partners and community members have suffered extensive setbacks in their research, work, and personal lives. Recuperating from these losses will take considerable time. We feel it would be unwise to plan an in-person conference for 2021, during what promises to be a period of slow and difficult recovery. We owe it to our community to acknowledge their most pressing needs, and to dedicate our time and resources to helping them during this period of recovery.

Additionally, although vaccines are on the horizon, we do not know at this time how quickly they will be distributed. It seems unlikely that everyone will be able to receive a vaccine in time to safely attend the conference. The uncertainty makes planning nearly impossible.

We extend our immense gratitude to all of the Local Organizing Committee in Trinidad, a group that has already invested a significant amount of time, energy, and enthusiasm into early preparations for the conference. Thank you! But your efforts have not been in vain. We look forward to picking up where we left off in the coming years when an in-person conference in Trinidad is feasible.

Conference in Puerto Rico 2022

Get excited about seeing Puerto Rican Bullfinches in Puerto Rico in the summer, 2022! (Photo by Hemant Keshan)

While discussing the possibility of moving the Trinidad conference back one full calendar year (to the summer of 2022), we became aware that the American Ornithological Society (AOS) had already scheduled their next annual meeting for June 27 to July 1 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. AOS kindly invited us to co-host this meeting, along with the local host in Puerto Rico and our non-profit partner Para La Naturaleza (PLN). Since it does not make sense to hold two major ornithological conferences back-to-back in the Caribbean, we have decided to join AOS and PLN and hold a joint conference in 2022. We are very grateful to their organizing committee for welcoming us and being as excited about these plans as we are!

Joining forces with AOS for their Puerto Rican conference will be a unique experience for our BirdsCaribbean community. Although it will be a larger conference and not focused exclusively on Caribbean birds, it will give all of us an opportunity to engage with a much larger network of scientists and conservationists. This will encourage knowledge sharing, collaborations, and much more! We are confident that it will be a fun, productive, and rewarding experience for all of us. And we will be sure to create many opportunities for our BirdsCaribbean community to connect with each other throughout the event.

Possible Virtual Mini-Conference this Summer

We are also entertaining the idea of conducting a small virtual “mini-conference” this coming summer that would consist of a series of talks and possibly some workshops and/or Working Group meetings, all online. We’ll be exploring this possibility over the coming months and will inform our community in the Spring.

Tag: Puerto Rico

From the Nest – Day 136

Trinidad Conference Postponed, but Unique Opportunity with AOS Arises for 2022